Gender Differences in Residual Risk Factors for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following ACS and How to Bridge the Gap.
Olivia ManfriniEdina CenkoRaffaele BugiardiniPublished in: Current atherosclerosis reports (2020)
Women adequately treated with current evidence-based medications for acute myocardial infarction and for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia, still have an extra risk of death compared with men. Additional factors that increase the risk of poor prognosis for the index event have been identified. The residual risk can be due to factors affecting the prognosis of the women from outside (they are external to the patient's body) and also to factors that, on the contrary, belong to the female body (female being/female sex). The review will give an update on those residual risk factors, including young age, vulnerability for de novo heart failure, time from symptom onset to treatment, heath care delivered during the weekend, and depression, which generally negatively influence the outcome of women with an acute myocardial infarction.
Keyphrases
- acute myocardial infarction
- poor prognosis
- cardiovascular events
- cardiovascular risk factors
- cardiovascular disease
- heart failure
- left ventricular
- risk factors
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- long non coding rna
- coronary artery disease
- healthcare
- blood pressure
- type diabetes
- acute coronary syndrome
- pregnancy outcomes
- middle aged
- breast cancer risk
- palliative care
- metabolic syndrome
- climate change
- depressive symptoms
- case report
- atrial fibrillation
- cervical cancer screening
- quality improvement
- smoking cessation
- pain management
- insulin resistance
- glycemic control
- patient reported
- newly diagnosed