Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts poor prognosis in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and anemia: results from RED-HF.
Thor UelandLars GullestadLei KouJames B YoungMarc A PfefferDirk Jan van VeldhuisenKarl SwedbergJohn J V McmurrayAkshay S DesaiInderjit S AnandPål AukrustPublished in: Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society (2021)
In patients with HF and anemia, both higher baseline serum GDF-15 levels and an increase in GDF-15 during follow-up, were associated with worse clinical outcomes. GDF-15 did not identify subgroups of patients who might benefit from correction of anemia but was associated with several indices of anemia and iron status in the HF patients.