Association between human papillomaviruses, metabolic syndrome, and all-cause death; analysis of the U.S. NHANES 2003-2004 to 2015-2016.

In this study, low, probable, and high-risk HPV and MetS were differentially related to mortality risk in men and women. Further work is necessary to separate the temporal, age, vaccination, and sex effects of HPV diagnosis in these relationships using prospective studies with detailed histories of HPV infection and persistence.