Organoids as a Model for Precision Medicine in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Where Are We Today?
Yanyun GaoMarianna Kruithof de JulioRen-Wang PengPatrick DornPublished in: Cancers (2022)
MPM is an aggressive tumor originating from pleural mesothelial cells. A characteristic feature of the disease is the dominant prevalence of therapeutically intractable inactivating alterations in TSGs, making MPM one of the most difficult cancers to treat and the epitome of a cancer characterized by a significant lack of therapy options and an extremely poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of only 5% to 10%). Extensive interpatient heterogeneity poses another major challenge for targeted therapy of MPM, warranting stratified therapy for specific subgroups of MPM patients. Accurate preclinical models are critical for the discovery of new therapies and the development of personalized medicine. Organoids, an in vitro 'organ-like' 3D structure derived from patient tumor tissue that faithfully mimics the biology and complex architecture of cancer and largely overcomes the limitations of other existing models, are the next-generation tumor model. Although organoids have been successfully produced and used in many cancers, the development of MPM organoids is still in its infancy. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in cancer organoids, focusing on the progress and challenges in MPM organoid development. We also elaborate the potential of MPM organoids for understanding MPM pathobiology, discovering new therapeutic targets, and developing personalized treatments for MPM patients.
Keyphrases
- poor prognosis
- end stage renal disease
- papillary thyroid
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- long non coding rna
- prognostic factors
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- childhood cancer
- small molecule
- high resolution
- induced apoptosis
- high throughput
- deep learning
- human health
- mesenchymal stem cells
- endothelial cells
- mass spectrometry
- signaling pathway
- weight gain
- climate change
- physical activity
- patient reported
- cell cycle arrest
- neural network
- pi k akt