The epigenomics of schizophrenia, in the mouse.
Behnam JavidfarRoyce ParkBibi S KassimLucy K BicksSchahram AkbarianPublished in: American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (2017)
Large-scale consortia including the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, the Common Minds Consortium, BrainSeq and PsychENCODE, and many other studies taken together provide increasingly detailed insights into the genetic and epigenetic risk architectures of schizophrenia (SCZ) and offer vast amounts of molecular information, but with largely unexplored therapeutic potential. Here we discuss how epigenomic studies in human brain could guide animal work to test the impact of disease-associated alterations in chromatin structure and function on cognition and behavior. For example, transcription factors such as MYOCYTE-SPECIFIC ENHANCER FACTOR 2C (MEF2C), or multiple regulators of the open chromatin mark, methyl-histone H3-lysine 4, are associated with the genetic risk architectures of common psychiatric disease and alterations in chromatin structure and function in diseased brain tissue. Importantly, these molecules also affect cognition and behavior in genetically engineered mice, including virus-mediated expression changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other key nodes in the circuitry underlying psychosis. Therefore, preclinical and small laboratory animal work could target genomic sequences affected by chromatin alterations in SCZ. To this end, in vivo editing of enhancer and other regulatory non-coding DNA by RNA-guided nucleases including CRISPR-Cas, and designer transcription factors, could be expected to deliver pipelines for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at improving cognitive dysfunction and other core symptoms of SCZ.
Keyphrases
- transcription factor
- crispr cas
- genome editing
- prefrontal cortex
- bipolar disorder
- dna binding
- genome wide
- white matter
- mental health
- gene expression
- copy number
- dna methylation
- genome wide identification
- single molecule
- mild cognitive impairment
- dna damage
- binding protein
- healthcare
- case control
- metabolic syndrome
- minimally invasive
- type diabetes
- single cell
- nucleic acid
- circulating tumor
- mesenchymal stem cells
- multiple sclerosis
- early stage
- physical activity
- circulating tumor cells
- skeletal muscle
- genetic diversity
- blood brain barrier
- sentinel lymph node