Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review.

Sophie Perrier d'HauteriveRomann CloseVirginie GrideletMarie MawetMichelle NisolleVincent Geenen

Published in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has four major isoforms: classical hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, free β subunit, and sulphated hCG. Classical hCG is the first molecule synthesized by the embryo. Its RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage and the blastocyst produces the protein before its implantation. This review synthetizes everything currently known on this multi-effect hormone: hCG levels, angiogenetic activity, immunological actions, and effects on miscarriages and thyroid function.

Keyphrases

endothelial cells
induced pluripotent stem cells
pluripotent stem cells
single cell
stem cells
pregnant women
cell therapy
mesenchymal stem cells
transcription factor
bone marrow
protein kinase