S1P Signaling Pathways in Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes.
Qiong HeJiaqi BoRuihua ShenYan LiYi ZhangJiaxin ZhangJing YangYunfeng LiuPublished in: Journal of diabetes research (2021)
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very complicated. The currently well-accepted etiology is the "Ominous Octet" theory proposed by Professor Defronzo. Since presently used drugs for T2DM have limitations and harmful side effects, studies regarding alternative treatments are being conducted. Analyzing the pharmacological mechanism of biomolecules in view of pathogenesis is an effective way to assess new drugs. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), an endogenous lipid substance in the human body, has attracted increasing attention in the T2DM research field. This article reviews recent study updates of S1P, summarizing its effects on T2DM with respect to pathogenesis, promoting β cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, reducing insulin resistance, protecting the liver and pancreas from lipotoxic damage, improving intestinal incretin effects, lowering basal glucagon levels, etc. With increasing research, S1P may help treat and prevent T2DM in the future.
Keyphrases
- glycemic control
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- cell proliferation
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- endothelial cells
- pi k akt
- metabolic syndrome
- high fat diet
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cardiovascular disease
- fatty acid
- cell death
- working memory
- cell cycle arrest
- skeletal muscle
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- induced apoptosis
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- drug induced
- meta analyses