Clionasterol-Rich Fraction of Caulerpa racemosa against Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Damage via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Related Signaling Pathway.
N M LiyanageD P NagahawattaThilina U JayawardenaH H A C K JayawardhanaHyo-Geun LeeYoung-Sang KimYung Hyun ChoiPublished in: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
The increasing airborne particulate matter (PM) consisting of environmental contaminants such as dust, aerosols, and fibers has become a global concern by causing oxidative stress that leads to apoptosis and skin damage. The current study evaluated the protective effect of Caulerpa racemosa (CR) against PM-induced skin damage using human keratinocytes and a zebrafish model. The clionasterol-rich hexane fraction (CRHF2) of CR exhibited superior protective activity through downregulating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial ROS levels, as well as the PM-induced increase in apoptotic body formation and upregulation of apoptotic signaling pathway proteins, along with sub-G1 cell accumulation dose-dependently. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that CRHF2 potentially downregulates PM-induced cell death, ROS, and NO production in the zebrafish model. Hence, the results evidenced that the protective effect of CRHF2 is caused by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in cells. Therefore, C. racemosa has the potential to be used in the development of pharmaceuticals to attenuate PM-induced skin diseases.
Keyphrases
- particulate matter
- oxidative stress
- diabetic rats
- cell death
- air pollution
- induced apoptosis
- signaling pathway
- cell cycle arrest
- high glucose
- dna damage
- reactive oxygen species
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- pi k akt
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- heavy metals
- single cell
- drinking water
- poor prognosis
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell therapy