Replicating Randomized Trial Results with Observational Data Using the Parametric g-Formula: An Application to Intravenous Iron Treatment in Hemodialysis Patients.

Our findings are somewhat consistent with the recent PIVOTAL trial, with discrepancies potentially attributable to model misspecification and differences between the two study populations. In addition to the importance of our results to nephrologists and hence hemodialysis patients, our analysis illustrates the utility of the parametric g-formula for generalizing results and comparing complex and dynamic treatment strategies using observational data.