MicroRNA in localized scleroderma: a review of literature.
Katarzyna Wolska-GawronJoanna BartosińskaDorota Maria KrasowskaPublished in: Archives of dermatological research (2019)
Localized scleroderma (LoSc) is rare connective tissue disease that manifests with inflammation and fibrosis of the skin. Depending on the LoSc subtype, adjacent structures such as subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscles, bones may be affected. The hallmark of fibrosis is tissue remodelling with excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), principally collagens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that consist of 19-24 nucleotides and act as negative regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Based on the current articles, approximately 40 microRNAs have been linked to fibrosis in different organs and diseases. The majority of these molecules promote or inhibit fibrosis by targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), extracellular matrix proteins, TGF-β pathway and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. Further, particular microRNAs regulate fibrogenesis by altering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or activating proliferation of myofibroblasts. MiRNAs are relatively stable, detectable in tissues and body fluids (serum, plasma) which suggest that they may serve as beneficial biomarkers to monitor the course of the disease and response to treatment. Herein, we report the present state of knowledge on microRNA expression in localized scleroderma.
Keyphrases
- extracellular matrix
- growth factor
- gene expression
- systemic sclerosis
- signaling pathway
- interstitial lung disease
- oxidative stress
- healthcare
- poor prognosis
- dna methylation
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- rheumatoid arthritis
- tyrosine kinase
- high resolution
- pi k akt
- long non coding rna
- soft tissue
- binding protein
- combination therapy
- wound healing
- smoking cessation
- nucleic acid