A meta-ethnographic synthesis of the experiences of stigma amongst people with functional neurological disorder.

Sixteen papers were included in the final synthesis. Four major themes emerged: stigmatized by delegitimization; stigmatized by social exclusion and rejection; coping with stigma; and stigma and identity. The results identified negative, stigmatizing attitudes towards people experiencing FND symptoms in a variety of contexts including healthcare and other social institutions. The effects of stigma led to further exclusion for participants and appeared to trigger coping styles that led to additional difficulty. Stigma is a key part of the illness experience of FND and needs to be addressed.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONFunctional neurological disorders can cause a significant degree of disability for those individuals who experience them.This experience appears to be compounded by stigma these people encounter as a result of their illness in their day-to-day lives as well as in their contact with institutions including education, workplaces, and healthcare.A potential strategy to reduce the impact of stigma is through raising awareness of the reality of this condition which may be achieved through education targeted towards healthcare providers.