Combined Effects of Different Alleles of FLO 2, Wx and SSIIa on the Cooking and Eating Quality of Rice.

The improvement of the cooking and eating quality (CEQ) of rice is one of the major objectives of current rice-breeding programs. A few major genes such as Waxy ( Wx ) and starch synthase IIa ( SSIIa ) have been successfully applied in molecular breeding. However, their interactive effects on CEQ have not been fully understood. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was constructed by crossing the white-core mutant GM 645 with the transparent phenotype of the japonica rice variety Tainung 67 (TN67). GM 645 and TN67 contain different alleles of FLOURY ENDOSPERM 2 ( FLO 2), Wx , and SSIIa . The effects of different allele combinations of FLO 2, Wx, and SSIIa on the CEQ of rice were investigated. The inbred lines with the mutation allele flo 2 had a significantly lower apparent amylose content (AAC), viscosity characteristics except for setback (SB), and gel texture properties compared to those lines with the FLO 2 allele. The allelic combination of FLO 2 and Wx significantly affected the AAC, breakdown (BD), and gel textural properties, which could explain most of the variations in those rice quality traits that were correlated with AAC. The allelic combination of FLO 2 and SSIIa significantly affected the hot paste viscosity (HPV) and pasting temperature (PT). The Wx × SSIIa interaction had a significant effect on the PT. The interaction of FLO 2, Wx and SSIIa significantly affected the AAC, cold paste viscosity (CPV), PT, and consistency viscosity (CS). These results highlight the important roles of these quality-related genes in regulating the CEQ of rice and provide new clues for rice-quality improvement by marker-assisted selection.