Pediatric tuberculosis in India: Justice and human rights.
Kinsey MannebachAnne E DresselLeighann EasonPublished in: Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) (2022)
Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest infectious disease across the world, with the greatest burden occurring in India. Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable to adverse effects from infection, and they tend to have diminished ability to protect themselves. Malnutrition, HIV, and other causes of immune suppression such as exposure to air pollution make one more prone to serious illness or death from TB infection. Risk factors are influenced by maternal education, access to health care, poverty, nutrition, healthcare stigma, and sanitation, among others. Current literature is heavily clinical, lacking focus on upstream factors, with a skew toward secondary and tertiary prevention strategies (i.e., case finding and treatment), and less emphasis on primary prevention (e.g., wealth equity and environmental regulation). Given concerns with extremely drug resistant TB and because infectious diseases can permeate National borders, public health nurses, and other healthcare professionals must educate themselves and advocate on behalf of vulnerable populations such as children in India. Improved sanitation, air quality monitoring, women's education, and increased access to health care are cost-effective and evidence-based strategies to address pediatric TB in India, a challenge which is grounded in human rights and justice.
Keyphrases
- healthcare
- infectious diseases
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- drug resistant
- public health
- pregnant women
- risk factors
- hiv aids
- endothelial cells
- air pollution
- multidrug resistant
- pregnancy outcomes
- mental health
- pulmonary tuberculosis
- quality improvement
- acinetobacter baumannii
- young adults
- systematic review
- hiv infected
- human immunodeficiency virus
- pluripotent stem cells
- hiv positive
- physical activity
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- risk assessment
- adipose tissue
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- type diabetes
- human health
- body mass index
- depressive symptoms
- birth weight
- combination therapy
- weight gain
- affordable care act
- gestational age