COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Worldwide Survey of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Quality in 3911 Athletes from 49 Countries, with Data-Driven Recommendations.

Mohamed Romdhani Dale E Rae Mathieu Nédélec Achraf Ammar Hamdi Chtourou Ramzi Ahmad Al-Horani Helmi Ben Saad Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Gürhan Dönmez Tarak Driss Hugh H K Fullagar Abdulaziz Farooq Sergio Garbarino Omar Hammouda Bahar Hassanmirzaie Karim Khalladi Syrine Khemila Leonardo José Mataruna-Dos-Santos Imen Moussa-Chamari Iñigo Mujika Hussein Muñoz Helú Amin Norouzi Fashkhami Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos Mehrshad Rahbari Khaneghah Yoshitomo Saita Khaled Trabelsi Jacopo Antonino Vitale Jad Adrian Washif Johanna Weber Nizar Souissi Lee Taylor Karim Chamari

Published in: Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2021)

These lockdown-induced behavioral changes reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia in athletes. Data-driven and evidence-based recommendations to counter these include, but are not limited to: (i) early outdoor training; (ii) regular meal scheduling (whilst avoiding meals prior to bedtime and caffeine in the evening) with appropriate composition; (iii) regular bedtimes and wake-up times; and (iv) avoidance of long and/or late naps.

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