Effectiveness and safety of tacrolimus ointment combined with dupilumab for patients with atopic dermatitis in real-world clinical practice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease affecting people of all age groups worldwide. To our knowledge, there are currently no studies estimating the effectiveness of tacrolimus ointment and dupilumab as a combination therapy for AD. Thus, here we describe the effectiveness and safety of tacrolimus ointment in combination with dupilumab for facial rashes in patients with AD. Overall, we included 109 patients who newly received dupilumab from April 2018 to July 2020 in the Dermatology Department of Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital. Of them, 60 patients were treated with tacrolimus ointment. Specifically, of the 60 patients, 40 were treated with dupilumab in combination with tacrolimus ointment and topical steroids, whereas the remaining 20 were prescribed tacrolimus ointment alone and were further analyzed. The analysis showed that the combination does not cause serious side-effects at high frequency. The patients showed rapid improvement of facial dermatitis along with systemic dermatitis, and the rate of improvement of head/neck Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score significantly correlated with the rate of improvement of overall EASI score. In addition, there was no complication of herpes simplex observed in these 20 patients. Thus, tacrolimus ointment combined with dupilumab is an effective and safe treatment option for facial AD.