Preconditioning of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by tetramethylpyrazine enhances cell migration and improves functional recovery after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

TMP preconditioning enhances the migration and homing ability of BMSCs, increases CXCR4 expression, promotes angiogenesis, and improves neurological performance. Therefore, TMP preconditioning may be an effective strategy to improve the therapeutic potency of BMSCs for ischemic stroke due to enhanced BMSCs migration to ischemic regions.