Novel Latex Microsphere Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid Detection of Cadmium Ion in Asparagus.

Recently, concerns about heavy metal cadmium ion (Cd 2+ ) residue in asparagus have been frequently reported, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective, sensitive, and rapid detection method for Cd 2+ . In this study, we innovatively combined molecular microbiology to carry out the comparative screening of Cd 2+ chelators in a green, efficient, and specific way. The knock-out putative copper-transporter gene ( pca1 Δ) yeast strain with high sensitivity to Cd 2+ was first used to screen the Cd 2+ chelator, and the optimum chelator 1-(4-Isothiocyanatobenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N,N,N'-tetraacetic acid (ITCBE) was obtained. Additionally, a rapid latex microsphere immunochromatographic assay (LMIA) was developed, based on the obtained monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high specificity and high affinity (affinity constant Ka = 1.83 × 10 10 L/mol), to detect Cd 2+ in asparagus. The 50% inhibitive concentration (IC 50 ) of test strip was measured to be 0.2 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (IC 10 ) for qualitative (LOD, for visual observation) and quantitative detection (LOQ, for data simulation) of the test strip was 2 ng/mL and 0.054 ng/mL, respectively. In all, the developed mAb-based LMIA shows a great potential for monitoring Cd 2+ in asparagus, even in vegetable samples.