Endoglin/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review.
Vincent Q SierJoost R van der VorstPaulus H A QuaxMargreet R de VriesElham ZonoobiAlexander L VahrmeijerIlona A DekkersLioe-Fee De Geus-OeiAnke M SmitsWeibo CaiCornelis F M SierMarie-José T H GoumansLukas J A C HawinkelsPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: "Endoglin", "Imaging/Image-guided surgery". In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- computed tomography
- positron emission tomography
- endothelial cells
- magnetic resonance imaging
- systematic review
- transforming growth factor
- heart failure
- type diabetes
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- metabolic syndrome
- randomized controlled trial
- stem cells
- emergency department
- radiation therapy
- insulin resistance
- lymph node
- bone marrow
- adipose tissue
- cardiovascular risk factors
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- mass spectrometry
- signaling pathway
- deep learning
- cardiovascular events
- contrast enhanced
- squamous cell
- fluorescence imaging
- diffusion weighted imaging
- young adults
- artificial intelligence
- cell therapy
- energy transfer
- weight loss
- density functional theory
- wound healing