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Comparing relationships between single types of adverse childhood experiences and health-related outcomes: a combined primary data study of eight cross-sectional surveys in England and Wales.

Mark A BellisKaren HughesKatie CresswellKat Ford
Published in: BMJ open (2023)
Exposure to a single ACE increases risks of poorer outcomes across health-harming behaviours, sexual health, mental well-being and criminal domains. Toxic stress can arise from ACEs such as physical and SA but other more prevalent ACEs (eg, VA, PS) may also contribute substantively to poorer life course health.
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