The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance.
Ghazaleh ShimiMohammad Hassan SohouliArman GhorbaniAzam ShakeryHamid ZandPublished in: Immunity & ageing : I & A (2024)
Obesity, which is the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, has adverse impacts on human health. Obesity-related metabolic dysregulation has similarities to the metabolic alterations observed in aging. It has been shown that the adipocytes of obese individuals undergo cellular aging, known as senescence. Senescence can be transmitted to other normal cells through a series of chemical factors referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Most of these factors are pro-inflammatory compounds. The immune system removes these senescent T-cells, but immunosenescence, which is the senescence of immune cells, disrupts the clearance of senescent T-cells. Immunosenescence occurs as a result of aging or indirectly through transmission from senescent tissues. The significant occurrence of senescence in obesity is expected to cause immunosenescence and impairs the immune response to resolve inflammation. The sustained and chronic inflammation disrupts insulin's metabolic actions in metabolic tissues. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of senescent adipocyte cells in obesity-associated immunosenescence and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Moreover, the article suggests novel therapeutic approaches to improve metabolic syndrome by targeting senescent T-cells or using senotherapeutics.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- high fat diet induced
- type diabetes
- high fat diet
- weight loss
- dna damage
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- human health
- oxidative stress
- risk assessment
- glycemic control
- weight gain
- uric acid
- stress induced
- bariatric surgery
- emergency department
- climate change
- gene expression
- cell proliferation
- cardiovascular disease
- cell cycle arrest
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- electronic health record
- fatty acid
- physical activity
- obese patients