Co-expression of sulphydryl oxidase and protein disulphide isomerase in Escherichia coli allows for production of soluble CRM197.

Previous literature reports have shown that CRM197 can be expressed in E. coli, though only in an insoluble form, or in soluble form as a fusion protein. It is currently commercially produced in cultures of recombinant P. fluorescens. The use of a widely used, well-characterized expression host such as E. coli, rather than P. fluorescens broadens the applicability of the production technology, and the production system described here is worthy of further investigation for scaled up manufacture of CRM197 .