Fluid warming with parylene-coated enFlow cartridge: Bench and pilot animal study of aluminum extraction due to prolonged use.

Observed toxicological risk levels associated with the enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) intravenous fluid warmer were below those set by the Food and Drug Administration and suggest that the use of enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) is safe with a variety of intravenous solution types and in different therapeutic scenarios.