Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation and the Effect on Insulin Resistance in Females Who Are Overweight or Obese: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Elizabeth J SimpsonBuddhike MendisMandy DunlopHagen SchroeterCatherine Kwik-UribeIan A MacdonaldPublished in: Nutrients (2023)
There is interest in the impact that dietary interventions can have on preventing the transition from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes, including a suggestion that the bioactive components of cocoa may enhance fasting insulin sensitivity. However, a role for cocoa flavanols (CF) in reducing insulin resistance in the insulin-stimulated state, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unresolved. This study investigated whether CF consumption improved whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake ('M') in females with overweight/obesity, using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. Thirty-two premenopausal females (19-49 years; 27-35 kg·m -2 ) with elevated HOMA-IR (HOMA-IR >1.5) supplemented their habitual diet with two servings/day of a high-flavanol cocoa drink (HFC; 609 mg CF/serving; n = 16) or low-flavanol cocoa drink (LFC; 13 mg CF/serving; n = 16) for 4 weeks. Assessment of HOMA-IR and 'M' during a 3-h, 60 mIU insulin·m -2 ·min -1 euglycemic clamp was performed before and after the intervention. Data are the mean (SD). Changes to HOMA-IR (HFC -0.003 (0.57); LFC -0.0402 (0.86)) and 'M' (HFC 0.99 (7.62); LFC -1.32 (4.88) µmol·kg -1 ·min -1 ) after the intervention were not different between groups. Four weeks' consumption of ~1.2 g CF/day did not improve indices of fasting insulin sensitivity or insulin-mediated glucose uptake. A recommendation for dietary supplementation with cocoa flavanols to improve glycemic control is therefore not established.
Keyphrases
- glycemic control
- type diabetes
- blood glucose
- weight loss
- insulin resistance
- cystic fibrosis
- cardiovascular disease
- bariatric surgery
- randomized controlled trial
- physical activity
- adipose tissue
- high fat diet induced
- metabolic syndrome
- high fat diet
- double blind
- weight gain
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- study protocol
- skeletal muscle
- placebo controlled
- electronic health record
- postmenopausal women
- clinical trial
- radiation therapy
- squamous cell carcinoma
- blood pressure
- machine learning
- gestational age
- cardiovascular risk factors
- coronary artery disease
- locally advanced
- phase ii