The effects of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody on the expression of angiogenesis and invasion-related genes.

Our results suggest that the binding of PD-L1 on tumor cells by an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody may affect tumor-intrinsic mechanisms. The activation of angiogenesis and metastasis-related pathways by anti-PD-L1 treatment in PD-L1 high tumors might be a tumor-promoting mechanism. The decrease of VEGFA, TGFβ1 and EGFR upon anti-PD-L1 treatment in PD-L1 low tumor cells provides a rationale for the use of those antibodies in PD-L1 low tumors.