Endocrine disruptors are suggested to act as potential "obesogens" by interacting with various metabolic processes in adipose tissue. Besides industrial chemicals that are blamed for acting as endocrine disruptors as well as obesogens, pharmaceuticals can also cause obesogenic effects as unintended adverse effects. However, limited studies evaluated the obesogenic adverse effects of pharmaceuticals. Based on this information, the present study aimed to investigate the possible in vitro adipogenic/lipogenic potential of indomethacin and pantoprazole that are prescribed during pregnancy. Their effects on lipid accumulation, adiponectin level, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity, and expression of adipogenic genes and proteins were investigated in 3 T3-L1 cell line. The range of concentrations of the pharmaceuticals was selected according to their C max values. Lipid accumulation was increased dependently with indomethacin dose and with pantoprazole at its highest concentration. Both pharmaceuticals also increased adiponectin levels, which was thought to play a role in stimulating the adipogenesis pathway. Moreover, both pharmaceuticals altered the gene and/or protein expression of some adipogenic/lipogenic transcriptional factors, which may lead to disruption of metabolic pathways during the fetal period. In conclusion, indomethacin and pantoprazole may have obesogenic effects through different mechanisms and their potential to cause obesity should be investigated by further in vivo and epidemiological studies.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- high fat diet induced
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- genome wide
- human health
- type diabetes
- poor prognosis
- high fat diet
- emergency department
- transcription factor
- atomic force microscopy
- weight loss
- dna methylation
- heavy metals
- health information
- binding protein
- climate change
- heat shock protein
- high speed