Low Plasma Lipids Are Associated with Relapsing and Lethal Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected Patients.
Renata Vieira de Sousa SilvaSilvia R B UlianaJenicer K U Y YasunakaCláudio S VelosoEmille SousaMaria M L FerreiraVivianne S CarvalhoGabriel R FerreiraDorcas Lamounier CostaCarlos Henrique Nery CostaPublished in: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results from protozoa Leishmania infantum and L. donovani infection. This study investigated whether host factors would explain the relapses. First, susceptibility to amphotericin B of L. infantum isolates was evaluated in vitro. Then, clinical data and the lipid profile of patients with relapsing and non-relapsing VL were assessed. Susceptibility to amphotericin B was similar between the isolates. CD4+ lymphocytes were reduced in both groups of patients in the first episode and with relapsing VL. Still, the strongest blood cell indicator associated with relapses was low total lymphocyte counts. Total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and, uniquely, triglycerides of the six individuals in the first episode and twenty-three with relapsing VL were lower in relapsing patients than those in the first episode. Deceased patients had extremely low low-density lipoprotein. After CD4+ decreases, lymphocyte CD8+ reduction is the final stage of immunological failure. The lower lipid concentrations appear to be secondary to the depletion of fat stores by inflammation-induced cachexia and fat exhaustion provoked by the co-occurrence of both diseases, which can finally lead to death.
Keyphrases
- multiple sclerosis
- low density lipoprotein
- end stage renal disease
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- high density
- adipose tissue
- disease activity
- peritoneal dialysis
- hiv infected patients
- prognostic factors
- rheumatoid arthritis
- oxidative stress
- patient reported outcomes
- peripheral blood
- fatty acid
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bone marrow
- big data
- cell therapy
- genetic diversity
- diabetic rats