An oral caspase inhibitor as monotherapy or with antibiotics eradicates MRSA skin infections in mice.
Emily CahillOlusola O OladipoDustin DikemanDenion PriftiSteven J MentoLloyd S MillerMartin Prince AlphonsePublished in: Drug development research (2023)
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections. With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is an unmet clinical need to develop immune-based therapies to treat skin infections. Previously, we have shown pan-caspase inhibition as a potential host-directed immunotherapy against community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus (CA-MRSA) and other bacterial skin infections. Here, we evaluated the role of irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor emricasan as a monotherapy and an adjunctive with a standard-of-care antibiotic, doxycycline, as potential host-directed immunotherapies against S. aureus skin infections in vivo. We used the established CA-MRSA strain USA300 on the dorsum of WT C57BL/6J mice and monitored lesion size and bacterial burden noninvasively, and longitudinally over 14 days with in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Mice in four groups placebo (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] solution), placebo plus doxycycline (100 mg/kg), emricasan (40 mg/kg) plus doxycycline, and emricasan only were treated orally twice daily by oral gavage for 7 days, starting at 4 h after injection of S aureus. When compared with placebo, all three groups, placebo plus doxycycline, emricasan plus doxycycline, and emricasan treated group, exhibited biological effect, with reduction of both the lesion size (*p = .0277, ****p < .0001, ****p < .0001, respectively) and bacterial burden (***p = .003, ****p < .0001, ****p < .0001, respectively). Importantly, the efficacy of emricasan against S. aureus was not due to direct antibacterial activity. Collectively, pan-caspase inhibitor emricasan and emricasan plus doxycycline reduced both the lesion size and bacterial burden in vivo, and emricasan is a potential host-directed immunotherapy against MRSA skin infections in a preclinical mouse model.
Keyphrases
- staphylococcus aureus
- soft tissue
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- cell death
- wound healing
- mouse model
- healthcare
- biofilm formation
- high fat diet induced
- double blind
- palliative care
- physical activity
- human health
- phase iii
- randomized controlled trial
- bone marrow
- risk factors
- skeletal muscle
- escherichia coli
- mass spectrometry
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- silver nanoparticles
- cystic fibrosis
- mesenchymal stem cells
- combination therapy
- risk assessment
- climate change
- wild type
- protein kinase