Assessing ENDS Device Type Accurately in Surveys.

This study is particularly relevant for researchers analyzing smaller samples for example when examining disparities. Monitoring the characteristics of ENDS accurately in population-based studies is critical for regulatory authorities to understand ENDS toxicity, addiction, health effects, and use behaviors at the population level. There is evidence that higher concordance can be achieved with other questions/methods. Adjusting survey questions about ENDS device type (e.g., more descriptive response options, inclusion of separate questions asking about tank/pod/cartridge) and potentially including photos of participants' devices may help to classify ENDS device types more accurately.