Critical appraisal of confounding factors of observational studies on the association between dentofacial features and dental trauma in a Brazilian population.
Ana Carla Souza CostaCaio Melo MesquitaWalbert de Oliveira VieiraEmílio Carlos Sponchiado-JúniorAdriana de Jesus SoaresCauane BlumenbergLuiz Renato ParanhosPublished in: Evidence-based dentistry (2023)
Most studies did not acknowledge the control for possible confounding factors and rarely stressed the need for caution in interpreting their results. Cross-sectional studies do not allow inferring a cause-and-effect relationship between dentofacial features and dental trauma.