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Antimicrobial activity of nitrochalcone and pentyl caffeate against hospital pathogens results in decreased microbial adhesion and biofilm formation.

Fernanda Teresinha de Almeida Sayão de EmeriPedro Luiz RosalenÉder Ramos PaganiniMayara Aparecida Rocha GarciaAna Carolina NazaréJosy Goldoni LazariniSeverino Mathias de AlencarLuis Octavio RegasiniJanaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
Published in: Biofouling (2019)
The present study investigated the antimicrobial, anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm activity of the modified synthetic molecules nitrochalcone (NC-E05) and pentyl caffeate (C5) against microorganisms which have a high incidence in hospital-acquired infections. The compounds were further tested for their preliminary systemic toxicity in vivo. NC-E05 and C5 showed antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 15.62 and 31.25 μg ml-1. Treatment with NC-E05 and C5 at 1 × MIC and/or 10 × MIC significantly reduced mono or mixed-species biofilm formation and viability. At MIC/2, the compounds decreased microbial adhesion to HaCaT keratinocytes from 1 to 3 h (p < 0.0001). In addition, NC-E05 and C5 demonstrated low toxicity in vivo in the Galleria mellonella model at anti-biofilm concentrations. Thus, the chemical modification of these molecules proved to be effective in the proposed anti-biofilm activity, opening opportunities for the development of new antimicrobials.
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