Comparative compositional and functional venomic profiles among venom specimens from juvenile, subadult and adult Russell's viper ( Daboia siamensis ): correlation with renal pathophysiology in experimental rabbits.

venom shows an ontogenetic shift in its compositions and activities. Renal function alterations after envenomation depend on either the synergistic actions of different venom components or the disproportionate expression between the concentrations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins in each age venom group. The high proportion of enzymatic toxin proteins in the juvenile venom results in greater nephrotoxicity.