Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Matrix Metalloproteinases in Terms of Its Anticancer Activity.
Hiroki TanabeTakuji SuzukiTomokazu OhishiMamoru IsemuraYoriyuki NakamuraKeiko UnnoPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of green tea has beneficial effects against cancer. Basic studies have provided evidence that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major contributor to these effects. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent metalloproteinases with the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix proteins and are involved in various diseases including cancer in which MMPs have a critical role in invasion and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the effects of EGCG on several types of MMPs in the context of its anticancer activity. In the promoter region, MMPs have binding sites for at least one transcription factor of AP-1, Sp1, and NF-κB, and EGCG can downregulate these transcription factors through signaling pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species. EGCG can also decrease nuclear ERK, p38, heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27), and β-catenin levels, leading to suppression of MMPs' expression. Other mechanisms by which EGCG inhibits MMPs include direct binding to MMPs to prevent their activation and downregulation of NF-κB to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β. Findings from studies on EGCG presented here may be useful in the development of more effective anti-MMP agents, which would give beneficial effects on cancer and other diseases.
Keyphrases
- transcription factor
- signaling pathway
- heat shock protein
- papillary thyroid
- extracellular matrix
- pi k akt
- squamous cell
- cell proliferation
- reactive oxygen species
- oxidative stress
- lps induced
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- dna methylation
- dna binding
- poor prognosis
- cell migration
- case control
- induced apoptosis
- long non coding rna
- immune response
- squamous cell carcinoma
- childhood cancer
- inflammatory response
- young adults
- binding protein
- oxide nanoparticles