An Investigation on the Efficacy of Orotic Acid as a Bio-Nucleating Agent for Poly-Lactic Acid under Quiescent Condition and Injection Molding.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-based biodegradable polymer and is considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based polymers for various applications. Neat PLA requires an extended period at elevated temperatures to attain its maximum crystallinity, which can be mitigated by the addition of nucleating agents. Orotic acid is a natural heterocyclic nucleating agent in PLA. The effect of orotic acid on the crystallization behavior of a commercial, high-purity PLA was studied in detail. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique was utilized for this purpose. A new protocol for the quantitative characterization of crystallization kinetics from DSC data was developed. It was found that the total crystallinity increased from 26% to 63% at 80 °C with 1% content of orotic acid. Meanwhile, the crystallization rate of PLA-OA blends increased by ~10 times as compared to neat PLA. The addition of orotic acid also reduced the incubation time by >17% under quiescent conditions. Injection molding experiments showed that highly crystallized (>50%) PLA samples could be fabricated with a 1% addition of orotic acid. The required mold temperature was reduced from the 120 °C recommended by the supplier to 80 °C.