Imaging Changes and Immune-Checkpoint Expression on T Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.
Yasuaki KotetsuToyoshi YanagiharaKunihiro SuzukiHiroyuki AndoDaisuke EtoKentaro HataMasako Arimura-OmoriYuzo YamamotoEiji HaradaNaoki HamadaPublished in: Biomedicines (2021)
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disease caused by unknown immunological abnormalities. The organs most vulnerable to sarcoidosis are the lungs. Patients often resolve spontaneously, but the lungs can also be severely affected. Although details regarding prognostic factors in sarcoidosis patients with lung involvement remain unclear, several reports have suggested that immune checkpoint molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. In this study, we divided sarcoidosis patients into two groups based on chest computed tomography (CT) findings and compared immune checkpoint molecules expressed on T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the two groups, using flow cytometry. We found elevated programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) expression on T cells in BALF in patients with spontaneous improvement in CT findings, compared with those in patients without improvement in CT findings. In conclusion, our study implies that PD-1 or TIM-3 expression on T cells in BALF may be a prognostic factor for pulmonary lesions in sarcoidosis.
Keyphrases
- prognostic factors
- computed tomography
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- poor prognosis
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- peritoneal dialysis
- positron emission tomography
- contrast enhanced
- dual energy
- flow cytometry
- magnetic resonance imaging
- emergency department
- rheumatoid arthritis
- high resolution
- patient reported outcomes
- long non coding rna
- pet ct
- patient reported
- drug induced
- fluorescence imaging