Confocal reflectance microscopy for metal and lipid nanoparticle visualization in the brain.
Canan Cakir-AktasSefik Evren ErdenerBüşra TekeSibel Bozdağ PehlivanNaciye Dilara ZeybekAslihan Taskiran-SagZeynep KayaTurgay DalkaraMelike MutPublished in: Nanomedicine (London, England) (2022)
Aim: A requirement for nanoparticle (NP) research is visualization of particles within cells and tissues. Limitations of electron microscopy and low yields of NP fluorescent tagging warrant the identification of alternative imaging techniques. Method: Confocal reflectance microscopy (CRM) in combination with fluorescence imaging was assessed for visualizing rhodamine B-conjugated silver and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lipid core-stearylamine NP uptake in vitro and in vivo . Results: CRM successfully identified cellular uptake and blood-brain barrier penetration of NPs owing to their distinguishing refractive indices. NP-dependent reflectance signals in vitro were dose and incubation time dependent. Finally, CRM facilitated the distinction between nonspecific fluorescence signals and NPs. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the value of CRM for NP visualization in tissues, which can be performed with a standard confocal microscope.
Keyphrases
- electron microscopy
- blood brain barrier
- fluorescence imaging
- optical coherence tomography
- photodynamic therapy
- high resolution
- single molecule
- gene expression
- raman spectroscopy
- cerebral ischemia
- induced apoptosis
- living cells
- high speed
- label free
- high throughput
- quantum dots
- cell cycle arrest
- gold nanoparticles
- fatty acid
- fluorescent probe
- white matter
- resting state
- oxidative stress
- multiple sclerosis
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- iron oxide
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- oxide nanoparticles
- bioinformatics analysis