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Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Remote Difunctionalizing Carboxylation of Unactivated Alkenes with CO2.

Lei SongDong-Min FuLiang ChenYuan-Xu JiangJian-Heng YeLei ZhuYu LanQiang FuDa-Gang Yu
Published in: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2020)
Remote difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes is challenging but a highly attractive tactic to install two functional groups across long distances. Reported herein is the first remote difunctionalization of alkenes with CO2 . This visible-light photoredox catalysis strategy provides a facile method to synthesize a series of carboxylic acids bearing valuable fluorine- or phosphorus-containing functional groups. Moreover, this versatile protocol shows mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional-group tolerance. Based on DFT calculations, a radical adds to an unactivated alkene to smoothly form a new carbon radical, followed by a 1,5-hydrogen atom-transfer process, the rate-limiting step, generating a more stable benzylic radical. The reduction of the benzylic radicals by an IrII species generates the corresponding benzylic carbanions as the key intermediates, which further undergo nucleophilic attack with CO2 to generate carboxylates.
Keyphrases
  • visible light
  • molecular dynamics
  • density functional theory
  • randomized controlled trial
  • molecular dynamics simulations
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  • highly efficient