Linking Delay Discounting and Substance Use Disorders: Genotypes and Phenotypes.

Research supports the idea that "delay discounting," also known as temporal discounting, intertemporal choice, or impulsive choice, is a transdisease process with a strong connection to substance use disorders (SUDs) and other psychopathologies, like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression. This article briefly reviews the evidence used to conclude that delay discounting is heritable and should be considered to be an endophenotype, as well as evidence of its behavioral and genetic associations with SUDs. It also discusses the limitations that should be considered when evaluating the strength of these associations. Finally, this article briefly describes research examining relationships among delay discounting and SUD-associated intermediate phenotypes to better understand the conceptual relationships underlying the links between SUDs and delay discounting, and identifies research gaps that should be addressed.