Posttranslational modifications of proteins have been implicated in pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Arginine deimination (also known as citrullination) has a principal role in progression of rheumatoid arthritis through generation of autoantibodies and exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Recently, multiple research groups provided solid evidence of citrullination being in control of cancer progression; however, there is no comprehensive overview of these findings. This article summarizes and critically reviews the influence of citrullination on different aspects of tumor biology, including (i) regulation of apoptosis and differentiation, (ii) promoting EMT and metastasis, and (iii) potential use of citrullinated antigens for immunotherapy. In addition, (iv) the role of citrullination as a cancer biomarker and (v) implication of neutrophil extracellular traps in tumorigenesis are discussed. In summary, current findings testify to the significance of arginine deimination in tumor biology and thus more basic and translational studies are needed to further explore this topic.
Keyphrases
- papillary thyroid
- rheumatoid arthritis
- inflammatory response
- squamous cell
- nitric oxide
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- oxidative stress
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- lymph node metastasis
- signaling pathway
- immune response
- intensive care unit
- dendritic cells
- randomized controlled trial
- cell proliferation
- disease activity
- risk assessment
- amino acid
- toll like receptor
- human health
- pi k akt
- systemic sclerosis
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation