Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Ali PormohammadMohammad ZareiSaied GhorbaniMehdi MohammadiMohammad Hossein RazizadehDiana L TurnerRaymond Joseph TurnerPublished in: Vaccines (2021)
The current study systematically reviewed, summarized and meta-analyzed the clinical features of the vaccines in clinical trials to provide a better estimate of their efficacy, side effects and immunogenicity. All relevant publications were systematically searched and collected from major databases up to 12 March 2021. A total of 25 RCTs (123 datasets), 58,889 cases that received the COVID-19 vaccine and 46,638 controls who received placebo were included in the meta-analysis. In total, mRNA-based and adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines had 94.6% (95% CI 0.936-0.954) and 80.2% (95% CI 0.56-0.93) efficacy in phase II/III RCTs, respectively. Efficacy of the adenovirus-vectored vaccine after the first (97.6%; 95% CI 0.939-0.997) and second (98.2%; 95% CI 0.980-0.984) doses was the highest against receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen after 3 weeks of injections. The mRNA-based vaccines had the highest level of side effects reported except for diarrhea and arthralgia. Aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines had the lowest systemic and local side effects between vaccines' adjuvant or without adjuvant, except for injection site redness. The adenovirus-vectored and mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 showed the highest efficacy after first and second doses, respectively. The mRNA-based vaccines had higher side effects. Remarkably few experienced extreme adverse effects and all stimulated robust immune responses.
Keyphrases
- coronavirus disease
- sars cov
- clinical trial
- phase ii
- systematic review
- immune response
- binding protein
- early stage
- open label
- randomized controlled trial
- climate change
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- dendritic cells
- ultrasound guided
- machine learning
- double blind
- inflammatory response
- big data
- transcription factor
- artificial intelligence
- rna seq
- single cell
- dna binding
- placebo controlled
- drug induced