Human APOBEC3 Variations and Viral Infection.
Shiva SadeghpourSaeideh KhodaeeMostafa RahnamaHamzeh RahimiDiako EbrahimiPublished in: Viruses (2021)
Human APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3) enzymes are capable of inhibiting a wide range of endogenous and exogenous viruses using deaminase and deaminase-independent mechanisms. These enzymes are essential components of our innate immune system, as evidenced by (a) their strong positive selection and expansion in primates, (b) the evolution of viral counter-defense mechanisms, such as proteasomal degradation mediated by HIV Vif, and (c) hypermutation and inactivation of a large number of integrated HIV-1 proviruses. Numerous APOBEC3 single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and splice variants have been identified in humans. Several of these variants have been reported to be associated with differential antiviral immunity. This review focuses on the current knowledge in the field about these natural variations and their roles in infectious diseases.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- antiretroviral therapy
- infectious diseases
- hiv infected
- hiv positive
- hiv testing
- human immunodeficiency virus
- immune response
- hepatitis c virus
- copy number
- crispr cas
- hiv aids
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- healthcare
- pluripotent stem cells
- men who have sex with men
- sars cov
- gene expression
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- south africa