Subclinical Organ Damage in Children and Adolescents with Hypertension: Current Guidelines and Beyond.
Denise MarconAngela TagettiCristiano FavaPublished in: High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension (2019)
High blood pressure (BP) is becoming a growing health issue even in children and adolescents. Moreover, BP elevation in youth frequently translates into children and adult hypertension contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease. The detection of early markers of vascular damage, potentially leading to overt cardiovascular disease, is important for clinical decisions about if and how to treat hypertension and can be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the actual knowledge about subclinical organ damage (SOD) in hypertensive children and adolescents and its association with cardiovascular disease in children and young adults. Our focus is especially put on left ventricular mass, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness and microalbuminuria. We also want to address the scientific evidence about possible regression of SOD and cardiovascular risk with the use of behavioural and specific anti-hypertensive therapy. Indications from current guidelines are critically discussed.
Keyphrases
- blood pressure
- cardiovascular disease
- young adults
- hypertensive patients
- heart rate
- left ventricular
- oxidative stress
- healthcare
- cardiovascular risk factors
- childhood cancer
- type diabetes
- clinical practice
- public health
- mental health
- cardiovascular events
- randomized controlled trial
- heart failure
- systematic review
- blood glucose
- acute myocardial infarction
- physical activity
- optical coherence tomography
- coronary artery disease
- stem cells
- combination therapy
- adipose tissue
- atrial fibrillation
- blood flow
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- smoking cessation
- sensitive detection