Systematic review: long-term cognitive and behavioural outcomes of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in children without cerebral palsy.

A substantial proportion of children with neonatal HIE who survive without CP are at increased risk of general and/or specific cognitive impairments. Behavioural problems may be more common, but evidence is limited. Results highlight the importance of comprehensive long-term follow-up to identity difficulties and enable intervention to optimise educational achievement and behavioural adjustment.