Flavonoid and Non-Flavonoid Compounds of Autumn Royal and Egnatia Grape Skin Extracts Affect Membrane PUFA's Profile and Cell Morphology in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines.
Valeria TutinoIsabella GiganteRosa Anna MilellaValentina De NunzioRiccardo FlaminiMirko De RossoMaria Principia ScavoNicoletta DepaloElisabetta FanizzaMaria Gabriella CarusoMaria NotarnicolaPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Grapes contain many flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds with anticancer effects. In this work we fully characterized the polyphenolic profile of two grape skin extracts (GSEs), Autumn Royal and Egnatia, and assessed their effects on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) membrane levels of Caco2 and SW480 human colon cancer cell lines. Gene expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), as well as cell morphology, were evaluated. The polyphenolic composition was analyzed by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF) analysis. PUFA levels were evaluated by gas chromatography, and gene expression levels of 15-LOX-1 and PPAR-γ were analyzed by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Morphological cell changes caused by GSEs were identified by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and photomicrograph examination. We detected a different profile of flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds in Autumn Royal and Egnatia GSEs. Cultured cells showed an increase of total PUFA levels mainly after treatment with Autumn Royal grape, and were richer in flavonoids when compared with the Egnatia variety. Both GSEs were able to affect 15-LOX-1 and PPAR-γ gene expression and cell morphology. Our results highlighted a new antitumor mechanism of GSEs that involves membrane PUFAs and their downstream pathways.
Keyphrases
- gene expression
- tandem mass spectrometry
- fatty acid
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- single cell
- gas chromatography
- endothelial cells
- cell therapy
- mass spectrometry
- dna methylation
- ms ms
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- type diabetes
- high performance liquid chromatography
- skeletal muscle
- solid phase extraction
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- cell cycle arrest
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- metal organic framework