Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Current Diagnosis, Biomarkers, and Treatment Options with Future Perspectives.
Kristina KrpinaSemir VranicKrešimir TomićMiroslav SamaržijaLara BatičićPublished in: Biomedicines (2023)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid proliferation, early dissemination, acquired therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis of SCLC is crucial since most patients present with advanced/metastatic disease, limiting the potential for curative treatment. While SCLC exhibits initial responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, treatment resistance commonly emerges, leading to a five-year overall survival rate of up to 10%. New effective biomarkers, early detection, and advancements in therapeutic strategies are crucial for improving survival rates and reducing the impact of this devastating disease. This review aims to comprehensively summarize current knowledge on diagnostic options, well-known and emerging biomarkers, and SCLC treatment strategies and discuss future perspectives on this aggressive malignancy.
Keyphrases
- poor prognosis
- small cell lung cancer
- long non coding rna
- end stage renal disease
- squamous cell carcinoma
- newly diagnosed
- healthcare
- early stage
- prognostic factors
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- stem cells
- cell therapy
- radiation therapy
- radiation induced
- single cell
- combination therapy
- bone marrow
- patient reported outcomes
- brain metastases
- rectal cancer