SARS-CoV-2 as an inflammatory cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and future challenges.
Kevin S ShahMary Elizabeth Hale HammondStavros G DrakosJeffrey L AndersonJames C FangKirk U KnowltonRobin M ShawPublished in: Future cardiology (2021)
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic. In patients with COVID-19, multiple cardiovascular (CV) manifestations have been reported. SARS coronavirus 2 infection can lead to inflammatory CV disease first via takeover of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 enzyme as a cell receptor as well as the macrophage activation syndrome in severe illness. We review the CV manifestations of COVID-19 and therapeutics under investigation. We discuss the potential long-term CV sequelae after recovery from COVID-19 and the gaps in knowledge including the pathophysiological links between acute cardiac injury, myocardial inflammation and chronic cardiomyopathy. Future investigational efforts could result in significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances potentially impacting the broader field of chronic heart failure and cardiac recovery.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- oxidative stress
- left ventricular
- cardiovascular disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- healthcare
- angiotensin ii
- current status
- drug induced
- liver failure
- coronavirus disease
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- cell therapy
- small molecule
- early onset
- randomized controlled trial
- metabolic syndrome
- ejection fraction
- intensive care unit
- case report
- mesenchymal stem cells
- hepatitis b virus
- bone marrow
- atrial fibrillation
- climate change
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- phase ii
- binding protein
- study protocol