Avoiding Unnecessary Biopsy after Multiparametric Prostate MRI with VERDICT Analysis: The INNOVATE Study.
Saurabh SinghHarriet RogersBaris KanberJoey ClementeHayley PyeEdward W JohnstonTom ParryAlistair GreyEoin DinneenTeresita BeestonSusan HeaveyUrszula Stopka-FarooquiAiman HaiderAlex FreemanFrancesco GigantiClare AllenCaroline M MooreHayley C WhitakerDaniel C AlexanderEleftheria PanagiotakiShonit PunwaniPublished in: Radiology (2022)
Background In men suspected of having prostate cancer (PCa), up to 50% of men with positive multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) findings (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] or Likert score of 3 or higher) have no clinically significant (Gleason score ≤3+3, benign) biopsy findings. Vascular, Extracellular, and Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumor (VERDICT) MRI analysis could improve the stratification of positive mpMRI findings. Purpose To evaluate VERDICT MRI, mpMRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) as determinants of clinically significant PCa (csPCa). Materials and Methods Between April 2016 and December 2019, men suspected of having PCa were prospectively recruited from two centers and underwent VERDICT MRI and mpMRI at one center before undergoing targeted biopsy. Biopsied lesion ADC, lesion-derived fractional intracellular volume (FIC), and PSAD were compared between men with csPCa and those without csPCa, using nonparametric tests subdivided by Likert scores. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to test diagnostic performance. Results Among 303 biopsy-naive men, 165 study participants (mean age, 65 years ± 7 [SD]) underwent targeted biopsy; of these, 73 had csPCa. Median lesion FIC was higher in men with csPCa (FIC, 0.53) than in those without csPCa (FIC, 0.18) for Likert 3 (<i>P</i> = .002) and Likert 4 (0.60 vs 0.28, <i>P</i> < .001) lesions. Median lesion ADC was lower for Likert 4 lesions with csPCa (0.86 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/sec) compared with lesions without csPCa (1.12 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/sec, <i>P</i> = .03), but there was no evidence of a difference for Likert 3 lesions (0.97 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/sec vs 1.20 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/sec, <i>P</i> = .09). PSAD also showed no difference for Likert 3 (0.17 ng/mL<sup>2</sup> vs 0.12 ng/mL<sup>2</sup>, <i>P</i> = .07) or Likert 4 (0.14 ng/mL<sup>2</sup> vs 0.12 ng/mL<sup>2</sup>, <i>P</i> = .47) lesions. The diagnostic performance of FIC (AUC, 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.00) was higher (<i>P</i> = .02) than that of ADC (AUC, 0.85; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.91) and PSAD (AUC, 0.74; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.82) for the presence of csPCa in biopsied lesions. Conclusion Lesion fractional intracellular volume enabled better classification of clinically significant prostate cancer than did apparent diffusion coefficient and prostate-specific antigen density. Clinical trial registration no. NCT02689271 © RSNA, 2022 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
Keyphrases
- diffusion weighted imaging
- prostate cancer
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- diffusion weighted
- radical prostatectomy
- middle aged
- ultrasound guided
- clinical trial
- fine needle aspiration
- computed tomography
- magnetic resonance
- machine learning
- emergency department
- healthcare
- deep learning
- randomized controlled trial
- pulmonary embolism
- big data
- mass spectrometry
- reactive oxygen species
- adverse drug
- hiv infected
- phase ii
- open label
- single cell
- drug induced