The P2X7 Receptor, a Multifaceted Receptor in Alzheimer's Disease.
Kaitryn E RonningPaul-Alexandre Déchelle-MarquetYueshen CheXavier GuillonneauFlorian SennlaubCécile DelarassePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by impaired episodic memory and two pathological lesions: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In AD, damaged neurons and the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides cause a significant release of high amounts of extracellular ATP, which acts as a danger signal. The purinergic receptor P2X7 is the main sensor of high concentrations of ATP, and P2X7 has been shown to be upregulated in the brains of AD patients, contributing to the disease's pathological processes. Further, there are many polymorphisms of the P2X7 gene that impact the risk of developing AD. P2X7 can directly modulate Aβ plaques and Tau protein lesions as well as the inflammatory response by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of several chemokines. The significant role of microglial P2X7 in AD has been well established, although other cell types may also be important in P2X7-mediated mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the different P2X7-dependent pathways involved in the development of AD.
Keyphrases
- inflammatory response
- nlrp inflammasome
- end stage renal disease
- binding protein
- poor prognosis
- multiple sclerosis
- cognitive decline
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- spinal cord
- stem cells
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- single cell
- genome wide
- gene expression
- peritoneal dialysis
- transcription factor
- prognostic factors
- neuropathic pain
- long non coding rna
- bone marrow
- mild cognitive impairment
- toll like receptor
- spinal cord injury
- cerebrospinal fluid