Impact of e-liquid warning labels on young adults' perception of e-cigarettes and intention to use them: an experimental online study.

The results suggest that text WLs on e-liquid vials are moderately effective in preventing e-cigarette use in young adults. However, they capture less attention than the rest of the vial and fail to increase the perception of addictiveness. It is suggested to explore other types of design to increase the effectiveness of WLs.