This study analyzed the relationship between job stress and burnout among medical technologists in South Korea by job domain. Most job stress factors showed significant correlations with burnout. Among the job stress factors, job demand, job instability, lack of reward, and occupational climate had significant impacts on burnout scores, with occupational climate exerting the greatest influence. In analysis of job stress factors influencing burnout according to job domain, the diagnostic testing department was most affected by lack of reward. In the departments of pathological examination, physiological testing, and health screening, occupational climate had a significant impact on burnout scores. This study demonstrated that the job-related stress experienced by medical technologists in South Korea is closely associated with burnout. To maintain work efficiency, it is essential that job-related burnout be addressed.