MicroRNAs Modulate Signaling Pathways in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Chiara MazziottaCarmen LanzillottiMaria Rosa IaquintaFrancesca TaraballiElena TorreggianiJohn Charles RotondoLucia Otòn-GonzalezElisa MazzoniFrancesca FrontiniIlaria BononiMonica De MatteiMauro TognonFernanda MartiniPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues and they have been closely studied in recent years, especially in view of their potential use for treating diseases and damaged tissues and organs. MSCs are capable of self-replication and differentiation into osteoblasts and are considered an important source of cells in tissue engineering for bone regeneration. Several epigenetic factors are believed to play a role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that are able to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by binding the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, which can be subsequently degraded or translationally silenced. MiRNAs control gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating two crucial signaling cascades in osteogenesis: the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and the Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of the miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation and how these miRNAs could regulate the expression of target genes.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- gene expression
- umbilical cord
- transforming growth factor
- bone regeneration
- cell proliferation
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- bone marrow
- cell cycle arrest
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- pi k akt
- tissue engineering
- dna methylation
- binding protein
- cell therapy
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- oxidative stress
- cell death
- poor prognosis
- genome wide
- stem cells
- cell cycle
- risk assessment
- protein protein
- small molecule
- long non coding rna
- climate change
- amino acid
- nucleic acid